The Influence of Good Teachers

The key factor in determining whether one likes or dislikes history (or any subject, for that matter) is the kind of teachers he or she has. A bad teacher can easily turn a student away from the subject, but a good teacher can dispel that negative influence and instill a life-long interest in the subject.

I’ve had both kinds of teachers, thankfully more of the latter than of the former, and they had a far-reaching influence on my love of history.

I suppose the teacher who first awakened me to the enjoyment of history was Mrs. George in fifth grade. It was through her reading contest that my eyes were opened to the vast expanse of interesting books on historical subjects that lined the shelves of our small school library. The Landmark Books by Random House were just the beginning, but they were the spark that set me on fire.

In junior high, I had two good teachers who furthered my interest in history and what was required to get the most from it. Richard Booher (left) helped me realize the importance of place (geography) to developing an understanding of history. And Frank Galbraith (right) taught me the excitement of history by acting out historic scenes in class. I can still see him (in my memory bank) rushing into the classroom and dragging a classmate from the room, calling out as they exited that he was going to make a sailor of him, all to illustrate the methods of Prince Henry the Navigator in developing a navy for Portugal and thereby initiating the Age of Discovery.

Then, in high school, Hubert Lakin epitomized the skill of mentally “seeing” history as it unfolded. He often taught sitting behind his desk (something that was anathema for one of the principals under whom I later taught). I often watched him staring out the window as he waxed quietly eloquent about some historic event, something he was “seeing” in his mind’s eye. Suddenly, he would leap excitedly from his chair and pace up and down between the rows of desks, drawing some conclusion or making some application from what he had “seen” and had been trying to get us students to see from his description.

In college, I had several good history teachers, but two stood head and shoulders above the others. Dr. Edward Panosian taught History of Civilization to all freshmen, but his main teaching assignments were upper-level and graduate history courses. As a freshman, I sat mesmerized as he taught, awed by not only his vast knowledge but also his dignified manner and sonorous voice. I could hardly wait to take his upper-level courses. His much smaller senior course in Reformation history only increased my admiration for the man, and his love for his subject was contagious. So enthralled was I with his lectures that I sometimes forgot to take notes. I left the classroom mentally exhausted but inspired to imitate his electric teaching style.

I’m by no means the only one whom Panosian influenced. Among the literally hundreds of others so influenced was Asa Hutchinson, governor of Arkansas, who wrote, “I will never forget the passion of Dr. Panosian’s teaching of history and the clarity with which he taught about two different world views that have defined our past. He instilled into me a love for history and how it can inform us as we address the challenges of this generation.”

Finally, there was Dr. Carl Abrams. He spoke with a quiet, somewhat gravely voice, a stark contrast to Panosian, so I made sure to sit in the first or second row of his classes so I could hear. When I was unable to fit his class on the History of the South into my schedule because of my work schedule and the fact that the course was offered only every three or four years, he worked out a deal with the dean so I could take it.

I would meet him in his office after work once every two weeks, and he would teach me one-on-one. He gave me a long list of book titles related to Southern history on which he had highlighted ten titles that he dictated were required reading. I was to choose an additional ten titles and read two books and write a paper on one of the two books every two weeks and then meet him in his office to discuss them. At the end of the course, he gave me profound advice that I’ve employed in researching my own writing projects: Whenever you read a book, study the author’s bibliography and read many of the books listed there. As a token of my thanks and appreciation, I presented him a copy of my first published book, Confederate Cabinet Departments and Secretaries, for which he had been a great encouragement.

Following his advice, I will certainly never run out of books to read! More importantly, I’ll learn more and have a vast storehouse of source material for my own future writing on historical topics.

Those are the teachers who fired my interest in history. What about you? Which teachers have influenced your own favorite subject and how? Please share in the comments.

Seeing One’s Parents as Children

Rummaging through stored boxes in search of something can be time consuming, especially when one gets sidetracked along the way to finding the thing that prompted the search. But it can also be fun and enlightening.

I decided to indulge my curiosity when my recent rummaging prompted me to chase a rabbit trail. I never did find what I was looking for, but I discovered something else, and it made me see my parents as they were when they were children.

I ran across my parents’ grade cards and my mother’s school autograph books. (I don’t think their school had yearbooks back in the 1940s.) The time I spent pouring over those historic (to me) documents allowed me to see my parents in a new light.

As for the grade cards, I got a couple of surprises. Mother was always a good student, both in academics and behavior. She was especially good at math, something with which I struggled from birth. That’s why I was surprised–no, SHOCKED!–to see that she had received for one grading period a D in arithmetic. And I can only imagine what she must have done that prevented her from ending one year with straight A’s because she got a B+ in conduct.

Daddy was never as good as Mother academically, probably because he had difficulties reading. He once told me that even in high school, he had to have his mother read his assignments aloud to him. He read so slowly that he never would have finished his assignments otherwise. He was an auditory and tactile learner; he did things well and learned quickly when working with his hands. But the fact that he grew up on a dairy farm and yet one term got a D in agriculture, of all subjects, was an eye-opener for me. Yet, he was president of the school’s Future Farmers of America program and senior class president. (Mother was class vice president.)

But it was Mother’s autograph books that gave me a lot of laughs and revealed her and her classmates as just typical silly and fun-loving teenagers. Witty and silly rhymes seemed to have been “the thing” back then. But a few entries (especially those from teachers) were prescient. Following are some examples.

Dearest Hazel,

When you get married and live across the lake,

Send me a piece of your wedding cake.

Dearest Hazel,

The higher the mountain, the cooler the breeze;

The younger the couple, the tighter they squeeze.

This entry was by the school principal, E. O. Clark, and dated March 5, 1941:

A beautiful behavior is better than a beautiful form. It gives a higher pleasure than statues or pictures.

Some entries, like the following two, left me wondering:

  • Remember the day in biology when you slid under the table.
  • Remember always Wednesday night May 16, 1945.

Daddy wrote the following on January 11, 1944, possibly unknowingly foretelling their future. (He seemed to have written the same thing every year. He was either unimaginative or determined!)

When you get married and don’t go to school,

Have a good education and don’t marry a fool!

A mathematician must have written this one:

2 sweet

2 be

4 gotten

This one highlighted the bane of the female students:

Yours till stockings quit running and start walking.

And this one made a self-deprecating admission:

When you get married and live down South,

Remember me and my big mouth.

Mother’s home economics teacher concluded her entry with these words:

Hope you won’t find this final exam you are about to take too bad.

One boy wrote,

Don’t it make you mad,

Don’t it get your goat,

To get in the bath-tub

And can’t find your soap?

A boy named Glen was destined to be disappointed (Daddy made sure of that) when he wrote,

Sure as the vine grows around the rafter,

You are the girl I am after.

A number of friends were wiser than they knew, writing,

Love many, trust few.

And always paddle your own canoe.

After graduation from high school, Mother and some of her classmates enrolled at National Business College in Knoxville. The girls who signed her autograph book seemed to have gotten more serious; most of the boys, however, were as silly as ever.

Many girls wrote something that closed with “Remember me as a friend from N.B.C.” One boy wrote, “When you get through with the clock in typing next time, let me know. I’ll try to beat you to it one of these days. Hope you get 60 [wpm?] pretty often.”

A teacher at the college wrote, “To a good student one that doesn’t cause any trouble,” implying that some other students (probably the boys) did cause him trouble.

I could share more such examples, but I think you get the picture. Whereas we often remember our parents as the providers, guardians, disciplinarians, and maybe even as the spoilers of our “fun,” it’s sometimes good to remember that parents were once children, too!

Daddy and Mother on their wedding day

Wye Jony Can’t Spel or Rite

Sitting at a light in heavy traffic the other day, my eyes suddenly became aware of the writing on the double doors of the work van in front of me. I can’t recall specifically what the words were, but they spelled out the company’s name. As I read it, I suddenly exclaimed to my wife, “No wonder kids can’t spell today! Just look at how they spelled that company’s name!”

Examples of this phenomenon abound all around us. This is no reflection on the utility or value of the products or services of such companies. It’s no reflection on the creative ingenuity of the firms’ marketing gurus. But it is a reflection of why otherwise educated kids grow into adults who can’t spell or write correctly. With so many bad examples surrounding them, the wonder is that they can spell and write as well as they do!

Let’s consider a few examples.

Nutone, Reddi Whip, Wite-Out, Sno-Cone, Krispy Kreme, Froot Loops, Cheez Stiks, Playskool, Blu-Ray, Snap-Tite, Speedi-Products, Dreem Sleep, SafetyKleen. I’ve tried to be brief, but the list just keeps growing!

My favorite sad-but-true example comes from a TV advertisement that ran repeatedly during baseball season several years ago. The fact that kids were watching and learning bad spelling from it became clear in a school classroom when the teacher asked a student, “Johnny, how do you spell relief?” And the student dutifully replied, “R-O-L-A-I-D-S!”

But popular advertising and marketing gimmicks are just one reason kids can’t spell or write correctly today. Another reason is our over-reliance on auto-correcting features and spelling and grammar checkers on our electronic devices. Our cell phone texting features and word processing software automatically think for us or second guess our meanings, supplying what they “think” we really mean when we text or type.

Some of the things that go out to our messages’ recipients can be funny and harmless. Others can be embarrassing. But some could prove harmful or otherwise detrimental, causing gross misunderstandings.

And don’t even get me started on handwriting! I’ll admit that my own handwriting, especially when I’m in a hurry, can be atrocious. But have you noticed the handwriting of the general, run-of-the-mill member of the public today? And we accuse doctors of having bad handwriting? We owe them an apology!

I think back to my mother’s handwriting. Neat. Legible. Even artistic. Even when she was scribbling her grocery list in a hurry, her handwriting was still clearly legible. Certainly better than mine when I took my time. And that seems to have been a characteristic of her entire generation, at least for the women but also for many of the men. And the key is that they were TAUGHT to practice good handwriting! It didn’t just happen. Typically, it was either the Palmer or the Zaner-Bloser technique they learned. And it stayed with them. Distinctive, artistic, and legible to the very end!

Several months ago, the museum where I serve as a docent opened a new display of accounting books from a large corporation that had once operated in the community before, during, and shortly after World War II. The thing that immediately struck me about the display was the neat, legible handwriting in the account ledgers. It looks just like my mother’s!

But kids aren’t taught to value handwriting today. No separate, intentional instruction in the skill. No special writing workbooks over which the young scholars labor. No notetaking by hand for history, science, or English class. If notes are taken at all, it’s done on the computer.

When I returned to college to take some post-grad classes after having been out for several decades, I was appalled at what I discovered as I looked around me. Not only was I the oldest person in the classes but also I was the only one taking notes in longhand!

And in the hustle-bustle of the modern world, kids-grown-into-adults get no instruction in or practical application of what used to be simple courtesy skills. Writing of thank-you notes. Writing of letters.

A rule of education is that you will get from students what you reward. If you reward a particular behavior, it gets repeated. If you pay attention to the guy who’s goofing off just to get attention, he’ll keep doing it. If you honor and reward good spelling and handwriting, students will soon pick up on that and begin to spell and write well.

But today, we often reward the wrong things, things that don’t really matter all that much in the long run. We are really big on honoring athletes with letters and letter jackets, huge trophies, hefty scholarships. What do we give the good speller? A measly paper certificate.

When was the last time you wrote a thank-you note or letter? By hand? How is your own spelling? We must set the example. People will know we’ve taken the time and made the effort to express our thoughts. At least they’ll be able to read them! Moreover, something handwritten is something that might actually be cherished and saved. That text message or e-mail will soon be deleted and forgotten.

That First Day of School

As schools begin to resume their task of educating our youth, I vicariously relive through memories my own first day of classes. What a traumatic experience!

Mother had tried to prepare me for the arrival of that day. I had accompanied her and Daddy to the school for programs in which my older brother had performed. They had introduced me to his teacher, Mrs. Zachary, who would also be my first-grade teacher. (We had no kindergarten in those days.) I was actually excited about getting to go to school.

Until that day arrived.

As the school bus topped the hill at my grandfather’s driveway and headed toward its next stop, the end of our driveway, I panicked and began crying and drawing back toward the house. Mother guided (more accurately, she pushed) me toward the bus stop. I cried harder and pulled her back toward the house. I suddenly didn’t want to go to school after all!

The bus crunched to a stop amid the gravels that had escaped our driveway and were scattered onto the asphalt. The door opened, and there in the driver’s seat sat my friend Johnny Johnson. During the previous year, when he stopped the bus to pick up my brother, he had let me climb aboard, too. He had lifted me over his lap and set me atop the heater below the driver-side window on his left. I rode there a short distance to where he turned the bus around at the Mynatt’s driveway and returned, dropping me off at our house before continuing to the school. I liked Johnny and knew I had nothing to fear on the bus.

Yet, on this first day of school for me, something was awry, and I sensed it. I cried and refused to get onto the bus. Johnny waited patiently, even offering encouraging comments and enticements to get me aboard. I cried harder and louder and tugged insistently to get Mother to get us back to the house.

I’m not sure how long it took, but together they finally got me onto the bus. Once at school, however, I recovered and ceased my crying. Perhaps it was because I saw my cousin, Sammy McManus, in the same class.

The same scene was replayed, day after day. Get dressed for school, get my lunch box and milk money (two cents for a half pint, I seem to recall), wait for the bus to appear, and then balk and cry all the way to the bus stop and onto the bus. Then, the tears would stop, and everything was fine the rest of the day. That lasted for at least a week, maybe longer.

After that, however, I had no problem with going to school. I actually looked forward to it. Although to admit any joy of learning was never considered wise among peers, I relished learning and still do.

I also enjoyed sharing what I had learned with others, especially my parents. Whenever I was reading a book (usually something historical), I would constantly interrupt myself to read aloud to one of them some interesting (to me) tidbit. Sometimes, Daddy would in exasperation order me to stop it. I guess I overdid the sharing.

I still enjoy learning and sharing what I’ve learned. Maybe that’s one reason I write: I continue to learn and enjoy sharing the pleasures I’ve derived from my discoveries with anyone who will read.

But returning to the beginning of school, I hope my granddaughter, who started her first day of kindergarten yesterday, will find as much pleasure and enjoyment from learning as I did, without, of course, my first-week-of-school trauma. I think she will.

Arriving at school, she shyly and hesitantly lined up outside at the designated location for her kindergarten class. She immediately saw a friend and began a conversation with her. Then, when it was time for them to head into the building, she started toward the door but then turned and, realizing that the other students weren’t following, motioned to them and called out, “Come on, you all!”

I think she’ll be just fine. She’s going to be a leader. In fact, I can just picture her being elected class president. But then I’m a little biased, of course!

Finally, just a little reminder, just in case you haven’t done so yet, check out my web page at http://dennislpeterson.com.

Pithy Parental Principles

When my brother, sister, and I were growing up, our parents taught us more by their example than by their spoken instruction, although they did a lot of that kind of teaching, too.

They lived exemplary lives before us, knowing that we couldn’t help noticing and hoping that we would perceive the differences between how they approached life and how many others lived. They trusted that when we saw that contrast, we would want to follow their example instead of a path that, though admittedly easier and more fun at the moment, perhaps, would lead to problems “down the road” and establish bad habits.

Yet, they also taught important lessons by what they said, and the example of their lives reinforced the spoken lessons. Here are a few of those valuable life principles they taught us.

  1. “We can’t afford it.”

Our parents were children of the Great Depression. They knew firsthand what tough economic times were. They had learned the hard way how to make it last, wear it out, make do, and do without. To do that, they had learned what was necessary in life, to control or suppress the urge for instant gratification, and to save for both the proverbial rainy day and the truly important things that they hoped one day to have or to give to us.

So when they replied when we asked for something, “We can’t afford it,” we knew they meant it. We didn’t always like that answer, but we would see the wisdom of it in time. They weren’t saying it as just an excuse to deprive us of something we wanted, and they certainly weren’t wasting those resources on themselves. Only later did we realize that they often had cash in hand for whatever it was we had wanted, but they were saving for something better and more permanent. Things like our college education.

2. “Don’t interrupt.”

We learned almost from the time we learned to verbalize a simple sentence that it was a bad idea to interrupt an adult conversation. We learned to wait until the conversation was over or the people having the conversation paused before speaking. As we got older, we learned that to interrupt someone is downright rude, the epitome of selfishness. It is a way of saying, “I’m more important than you” or “What I’ve got to say is more important than what you are saying.”

To this day, I’m reluctant to interrupt someone, even when I’m in a hurry or have something genuinely important to say. And I detest the rude interrupter who imposes upon conversations of which I’m a part.

3. “Remember who you are.”

This saying we usually heard just before we left our parents to go somewhere without them. It was a reminder to be on our best behavior and to do right, regardless of what others around us might do. They wanted us to realize that what we said and did and the behavior decisions we made reflected on not only our own character but also the entire family and had potential consequences for every member of the family. It was a reminder to do our family proud by being and doing right at all times.

To “remember who you are” is to reflect positively on the family name. And our parents taught us that we were members of two families, the Peterson family and the Christian family. In the end, we loved to overhear our parents’ friends say to them, “Your children are so well behaved” (although we knew that we sometimes weren’t!). And it reminded us of our desire to hear our heavenly Father’s “Well done!”

4. “Share and share alike.”

What short, pithy statements did your parents use to teach you important life lessons? Share them, and I’ll try to pass a few of them along to fellow readers of this blog in a future post!

Remembering William Zinsser

One of the writers who has been most helpful to my own writing is William Zinsser. Although he was an accomplished journalist and freelance writer, undoubtedly his most influential work was the first book of his that I ever read, On Writing Well.

Zinsser was born October 7, 1922. Following service in the Army in North Africa and Italy during World War II, he returned to the United States and fulfilled a life-long dream by being hired as a writer for the New York Herald Tribune as a theater reviewer. When that stopped being fun for him, he quit and became a freelance writer. He also taught writing courses at Yale and later became executive editor of the Book-of-the-Month Club.

In addition to numerous articles and reviews, Zinsser wrote 18 books during his life, but none influenced more would-be writers than On Writing Well, which essentially was his writing course in print. Other of his books include Writing to Learn (a book that convinced me of the importance of teaching writing “across the curriculum,” or in every subject, not just English class), Writing Places: The Life Journey of a Writer and Teacher, and The Writer Who Stayed.

I just recently completed another of his books, Writing About Your Life: A Journey into the Past. In it, he offers some down-to-earth and practical advice for writers of memoir. What better way to remember him than by considering what he had to say to those of us who are, or who want to become, writers?

Following are a selection of ten statements from that book that I found helpful to me in my continued journey to master the craft of writing. Maybe you’ll find them helpful for you, too.

  • Writers are the custodians of memory, and memories have a way of dying with their owner. One of the saddest sentences I know is “I wish I had asked my mother about that.”
  • Don’t rummage around in your past for “important” events. . . . Write about small, self-contained incidents that are still vivid in your memory.
  • Specific detail is the foundation of nonfiction writing, and nowhere is it more important than in a memoir.
  • Look for small anecdotes in the larger canvas of your life. They will help you to reduce to human scale the big events you’ve been caught up in.
  • Don’t waste energy railing at the publishing profession. It has been careless with writers forever and isn’t going to change.
  • Don’t assume that editors know exactly what they want. Often they don’t Don’t shape yourself to a dumb assignment; that’s no favor to you or to the magazine or to the readers. Shape the assignment to your own strengths and curiosities.
  • Have confidence in your accumulated knowledge and make yourself available.
  • Good writers make their own luck.
  • Write about things that are important to you, not about what you think readers will want to read, or editors will want to publish or agents will want to sell. Readers and editors and agents don’t know what they want to read until they read it. If it’s important to you, it will be important to other people.”
  • Live usefully; nothing in your life will be as satisfying as making a difference in somebody else’s life.

 

Where Has the Time Gone?!

Years ago, perhaps sometime in the early Seventies, I read an article in the Knoxville News-Sentinel by famed war correspondent and syndicated columnist Don Whitehead titled “On Where Time Goes.” In that article, he ruminated about what he had done over the years of his life, how he had filled his allotted time on this earth.

First, he calculated how much time he had had to that point of his life. (I think he was in his mid-70s at the time, having been born about 1908.) He laid it all out, down to the number of hours and minutes. (He was a much better mathematician than I am.)

Then, he began to recount his estimation of the various activities of his life and how many hours he had spent doing each of them.

Sleeping took up much of that time, of course. He had gotten relatively little of it during the war years, but he thought he had made up for it during slumber binges at other times. He had slept away about one-third of his life.

Work–reporting and writing and doing an assortment of odd jobs in his youth–had consumed about another third or more of his time, perhaps as much as half of his waking hours.

He calculated how many days or weeks worth of time he had spent doing various everyday things, such as shaving, dressing and undressing, watching vegetables grow in his garden, and even just sitting watching the Tennessee River flow by his East Tennessee home.

Adding up all that time, he discovered that he had a surprisingly large amount of time “left over,” time for which he could give no accounting. Time that he had spent doing who knows what. Time wasted. Time killed. Murdered.

And that was just his point. We waste an awful lot of time. Time that we’ll never have again.

The sad truth is that we typically don’t come to the same conclusion until, like Whitehead, we near the end of our allotted time on this earth. Then we wonder where all the time went.

I thought of Whitehead’s column the other day when I saw several Facebook posts by some of my former students. When I first saw their names, I immediately pictured their faces as the junior high kids who sat in my classes when I was just an inexperienced, still-wet-behind-the-ears teacher struggling to figure out what I was doing. But I was alarmed to see in the photos they posted that they now have children graduating college, getting married, serving our country in the military, working in medical careers, even having grandchildren of their own. And I suddenly felt old and found myself asking, “Where did all the time go?!”

I’ve had that question go through my mind before as I’ve watched my grandchildren at play. I’ve found myself seeing in them my own daughters, and I’ve nudged my wife and whispered, “Look at that! Doesn’t that remind you of” [and I’ve named one of our daughters] “when she was that age?”

Where was I when they grew up so fast? Has it really been that long ago? Am I really THAT old?!

The psalmist prayed, “So teach us to number our days. . . .” But for what purpose? “[T]hat we may apply our hearts unto wisdom” (Psalm 90:12).

We only have so much time on this earth. We must “make hay while the sun shines.” We must use our time wisely because we must give an account of how we’ve spent every minute of it.

Personally, I don’t want to end my life with a large block of time for which I have no idea what I did. I want to know that I’ve spent it in positive, constructive, God-honoring, others-helping activities.

How about you? Where has your time gone? What have you done with it?

Lessons from Sun Tzu, Jomini, and Clausewitz

Throughout much of America’s military history, its strategies of warfare have been based to varying degrees on the teachings of three great military men: Sun Tzu, a Chinese philosopher and military strategist who wrote The Art of War around 500 B.C.; Antoine-Henri Jomini, a French general who published Treatise on Grand Military Operations in 1838; and Carl von Clausewitz, a Prussian general whose work On War, published posthumously in 1832, emphasized the moral (psychological) aspects of war. Many of these men’s teachings are applicable to the believer’s spiritual combat, as the following excerpts from Combat! Spiritual Lessons from Military History attest.

____________________

The transmission of knowledge from one generation to the next, Sun Tzu taught, was the key to long-term military success. . . . [The Bible] enjoined parents to teach their children at every possible opportunity . . . and pastors were to teach their congregations. . . .

[One] Jomini principle is that offensive actions are generally most advantageous. Rather than letting the enemy determine when and where to fight and being forced to fight on his terms, Jomini declared that the safest policy was to take the battle to the enemy, allowing yourself to determine the time and place of battle. . . . [H]it the enemy first, nipping temptations and sins in the bud.

Clausewitz believed in recognizing the realities of the battlefield. . . . Similarly, in our spiritual warfare, we must keep our thinking “rooted in reality,” keep it practical, not purely theoretical and theological.

(From Combat! Spiritual Lessons from Military History by Dennis L. Peterson, available from Amazon at http://ow.ly/ZXQ350xX9mx)

Tuesday Teaser: Faithfulness in the Least

We must contend for the truth in the small things. If we don’t contend for small things, we’ll never contend for big things. . . . Faithfulness in that which is least shows qualification for being in charge of that which is great (Matthew 25:21, 23).

[From Combat! Spiritual Lessons from Military History by Dennis L. Peterson, available on Amazon at http://ow.ly/ZXQ350xX9mx]

Static: Imprecise Language

Mark Twain famously wrote, “The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and a lightning bug.”

That quotation came to mind the other day as I read a short article by Stephen Clay McGehee titled “Words Have Meaning” at The Southern Agrarian http://www.southernagrarian.com/words-have-meaning.

McGehee noted how the term gentleman has been used so loosely, without any attention to its true meaning, that it hardly holds any meaning for many people today. The same is true for the term lady. (The greatest compliment anyone ever paid me was when a female coworker referred to me in a conversation with another person as “a true Southern gentleman,” meaning by the term’s original definition. I only hope I can live up to that standard!)

The same could be said of the misuse of many other terms. So many people speak and write words glibly and slovenly, with no regard for their true definitions, that those meanings have become blurred and fuzzy, and eventually they are altogether meaningless.

For example, people flippantly describe politicians’ actions as “Nazi” or “fascist” when neither the people being so described nor their actions remotely resemble those totalitarian positions. The terms are now merely emotion-laden buzz words that garner knee-jerk emotional responses among equally uninformed hearers or readers. Those who use such terms so glibly are either clueless as to their true meanings or purposely deceptive in their word choice.

Such imprecise use of words is another form of static that creeps into our writing. We must work to eradicate such static from our writing because just as ideas have consequences, words have meanings, and how they are used matters a great deal. Their use, too, has consequences, not all of them the ones we intend.

As writers, we must strive to be precise and accurate in the words we use, ensuring that we know the meaning of each word and select the best word for our intended message and target audience, not just the first ones that pop into our heads. And we must insist that others do so as well, calling them out when they reveal their ignorance by flippantly tossing about terms and using them incorrectly and deceitfully.

One characteristic of an advanced civilization is its possession of a precise language system. Conversely, one sign of a degenerating society is its misuse of its language. The consequences of a degenerating language are potentially far greater than the difference between the words in Twain’s lightning and lightning bug analogy.

Perhaps the best way to ensure that we writers do use words precisely is to invest in two books, a good dictionary and a good thesaurus, and then use them!